Lucca

Introduction

Located in the heart of north-western Tuscany, Lucca lies on a fertile plain crossed by the Serchio river, between the Apuan Alps and the hills of Lucca. One of the most elegant cities of art in Italy, it is famous for its mighty intact Renaissance walls, its historical centre rich in Romanesque churches, stately palaces and medieval towers. Founded in Etruscan times and developed in Roman times, Lucca was one of Tuscany's major cities during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, long maintaining its independence as a republic. Today it is a leading cultural destination, also known for internationally renowned events such as the Lucca Comics & Games and the Lucca Summer Festival.

Description

Lucca lies in a mainly flat area about 19 metres above sea level, surrounded by gentle hills that anticipate the peaks of the Apuan Alps to the north-west. The territory is crossed by numerous waterways, including the Serchio River, which has played a fundamental role in the city's agricultural and urban development. The city walls, more than 4 kilometres long, enclose the entire historic centre and today form a raised pedestrian park, a symbol of the city and an ideal place for scenic walks.

The history of Lucca has its roots in Etruscan times, but it was with the Roman foundation, in the 2nd century BC, that the city took shape as a castrum. Traces of that era remain in the regular grid structure of the streets in the centre. During the Early Middle Ages, Lucca became the capital of the Lombard Duchy of Tuscia and later an important trading centre along the Via Francigena. From the 12th to the 19th century, it was one of the longest-lived Italian republics, known for its goldsmithing, silk trade and prudent diplomatic policy. Among its illustrious personalities is Giacomo Puccini, one of Italy's greatest opera composers, who was born here in 1858.

Lucca's economy has maintained a strong craft and manufacturing vocation. Starting in the 19th century, an important paper pole developed, still active today, that has made the province a European reference in the sector. Agriculture is also present, especially with the cultivation of olives (from which an appreciated extra virgin olive oil is obtained), vines and vegetables. In recent decades, tourism has become increasingly important, driven by the beauty of the historical-artistic heritage and excellent accessibility.

Culturally lively, Lucca preserves deep-rooted religious and civic traditions. The feast of San Paolino, the city's patron saint, is celebrated on 12 July with historical processions, crossbow contests and fireworks. In September, the Festa di Santa Croce (also known as the Luminara) takes place, a suggestive night procession lit by thousands of candles. The local gastronomy offers simple and tasty dishes, such as farro soup, tordello lucchese, arista al forno and buccellati, typical aniseed sweets.

Lucca is also an ideal starting point for excursions and nature trails. Just a few kilometres away are the Lucca villas, splendid historic residences surrounded by greenery, and hilltop villages such as Montecarlo and Collodi, home of Pinocchio. Lovers of trekking and mountain biking can explore the paths in the hills or enter the Apuan Park. For those seeking a more contemplative experience, the walk along the walls offers a unique view over the rooftops of the city and the surrounding mountains, in all seasons.

Information

Area: 185.50 km²
Altitude:19m
Maximum elevation: 951m - Monte Quiesa
Number of inhabitants: 88.414 as of 31 May 2025
Name in dialect: Lùcca
Name in dialect: Lucchesi
Patron Saint: St. Paulinus, celebrated on 12 July
Bordering municipalities: Capannori, Porcari, Pescaglia, Massarosa, Vecchiano (PI), San Giuliano Terme (PI)
Website: www.comune.lucca.it